Kashmir Stag (Hangul) in Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

The Kashmir stag, locally known as Hangul (Cervus hanglu hanglu), is a critically endangered species of red deer found in the dense forests of Jammu & Kashmir. It is one of the most iconic species of the region, recognized for its magnificent antlers, which typically have 11 to 16 points, and its reddish-brown coat. Hangul is the only species of elk found in India and holds immense ecological and cultural significance.

Habitat and Range

Historically, the Kashmir stag was widely distributed across the entire Kashmir Valley, but due to habitat loss, poaching, and human encroachment, its range has drastically reduced. Today, Hangul is primarily confined to the Dachigam National Park, located about 22 kilometers from Srinagar. Smaller populations may also exist in the adjoining areas of Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary, Sind Valley, and the Gurez region.

Hangul inhabits the temperate forests and alpine meadows of these areas, living at altitudes between 2,500 and 3,500 meters. They migrate seasonally, descending to lower elevations during the harsh winters and moving to higher altitudes in summer to feed on the lush vegetation.

Diet and Behavior

The Kashmir stag is primarily herbivorous, feeding on grasses, leaves, twigs, and lichens. During the spring and summer months, they graze in the meadows and forest clearings. In the winter, when snow covers the ground, Hangul relies on twigs and tree bark for sustenance. Their feeding habits make them an important part of the forest ecosystem, contributing to seed dispersal and plant growth.

Hangul are social animals, typically living in small groups, though males are more solitary during the mating season, which occurs in autumn. The males engage in impressive displays of antler wrestling to compete for mates. Their impressive antlers, with numerous tines, are a distinctive feature, making them one of the most visually striking species of deer.

Conservation Efforts

The Hangul population has drastically declined over the decades. In the 1940s, there were an estimated 5,000 Hangul in the wild, but by the 1970s, that number had dropped to less than 200. As of recent estimates, the population stands at around 200 to 250 individuals, making them critically endangered.

Dachigam National Park is the stronghold for the Hangul, and conservation efforts here are vital. The Government of Jammu & Kashmir, in collaboration with wildlife organizations, has launched several initiatives to protect the Hangul, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching patrols, and community involvement in conservation. The Hangul Conservation Project, part of the larger Project Tiger initiative, aims to ensure the survival of the species by maintaining and expanding its habitat.

How to Reach Dachigam National Park

Dachigam National Park is the most important habitat for the Hangul and offers visitors a chance to see this rare species.

By Air:

The nearest airport is Srinagar International Airport, which is well-connected to major cities in India. From Srinagar, it takes around 40 minutes by road to reach Dachigam.

By Road:

Dachigam National Park is about 22 kilometers from Srinagar and can be easily reached by taxi or car. The drive offers stunning views of the valley and takes around 40 minutes. Public transportation is also available, though less frequent.

Best Time to Visit:

The best time to spot Hangul is during the autumn rutting season (October to November) or in the spring (March to April) when the deer move to higher pastures.

Conclusion

The Kashmir stag, or Hangul, is a symbol of the rich wildlife of Jammu & Kashmir. While its numbers are critically low, ongoing conservation efforts aim to protect this magnificent deer and ensure its survival for future generations. A visit to Dachigam National Park offers not just the chance to see this rare species but also to experience the breathtaking beauty of the Kashmir Valley’s natural environment.